Pt100, Pt1000 or NTC ? which is the proper sensor?

Especially the machine-building industry often asks me that is the proper measuring element for them. This is why why I would like to explain in this posting the differences between your mostly used sensors Pt100, Pt1000 and NTC. I’ll go into greater detail about the lesser-used measuring elements Ni1000 and KTY sensors in the comparison by the end of this article.
Application regions of Pt100, Pt1000 and NTC
Resistance thermometers on the basis of Pt100, Pt1000 (positive temperature coefficient PTC) and NTC (negative temperature coefficient) are employed everywhere in the industrial temperature measurement where low to medium temperatures are measured. In the process industry, Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors are used almost exclusively. In machine building, however, often an NTC is used ? not least for cost reasons. Since meanwhile the Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors are stated in thin-film technology, the platinum content could possibly be reduced to the very least. As a result, the price difference when compared to NTC could possibly be reduced to this extent a changeover from NTC to Pt100 or Pt1000 becomes interesting for medium quantities. Particularly since platinum measuring resistors offer significant advantages over negative temperature coefficients.
Benefits and drawbacks of the different sensors
The platinum elements Pt100 and Pt1000 provide benefit of meeting international standards (IEC 751 / DIN EN 60 751). Due to material- and production-specific criteria, a standardisation of semiconductor elements such as NTC isn’t possible. That is why their interchange ability is limited. Further advantages of platinum elements are: better long-term stability and better behaviour over temperature cycles, a wider temperature range as well as a high measurement accuracy and linearity. High measurement accuracy and linearity are also possible having an NTC, but only in a very limited temperature range. While Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors in thin-film technology are suitable for temperatures up to 500�C, the typical NTC can be utilized for temperatures around approx. 150�C.
Influence of the supply line on the measured value
The lead resistance affects the measurement value of 2-wire temperature sensors and must be considered. For copper cable with a cross-section of 0.22 mm2, the next guide value applies: 0.162 ?/m ? 0.42 �C/m for Pt100. Alternatively, a version with Pt1000 sensor could be chosen, with which the influence of the supply line (at 0.04 �C/m) is smaller by a factor of 10. The influence of the lead resistance compared to the base resistance R25 for an NTC measuring element is far less noticeable. As a result of sloping characteristic curve of the NTC, the influence at higher temperatures increases disproportionately in case of higher temperatures.
Conclusion
In case of high quantities, the utilization of NTC sensors is still justified due to cost reasons. For small to medim-sized lots, I recommend the use of a platinum measuring resistor. The use of a Pt1000 stated in thin-film technology is a perfect compromise between the costs on the one hand and the measurement accuracy on the other. In the following table, I’ve compiled the strengths and weaknesses of the different measuring elements within an overview for you personally:
Strengths and weaknesses of different sensors
NTC
Pt100
PT1000
Ni1000
KTY
Temperature range
?
++
++
+
?
Accuracy
?
++
++
+
?
What No One Tells You
?
++
++
+
++
Long-term stability
+
++
++
++
+
International standards
?
++
++
+
?
Temperature sensitivity (dR/dT)
++
?
+
+
+
Influence of the supply line
++
?
+
+
+
Characteristic curves of Pt100, Pt1000, NTC, KTY and Ni1000
The characteristic curves of the various measuring elements is seen in the next overview:
Characteristic curves of the different sensors
Note
Our temperature sensors for the machine-building industry can be found with all common measuring elements. Further information are available on the WIKA website.
Discover more about the functionality of resistance thermometers with Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors in the next video: